Josh Chafetz (Cornell Law School) has posted Executive Branch Contempt of Congress (University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 76, September 2009) on SSRN. Here is the abstract:
After former White House Counsel Harriet Miers and White House Chief of Staff Joshua Bolton refused to comply with subpoenas issued by a congressional committee investigating the firing of a number of United States Attorneys, the House of Representatives voted in 2008 to hold them in contempt. The House then chose a curious method of enforcing its contempt citation: it filed a federal lawsuit seeking a declaratory judgment that Miers and Bolton were in contempt of Congress and an injunction ordering them to comply with the subpoenas. The district court ruled for the House, although that ruling has subsequently been stayed.
This Article examines the constellation of issues arising out of contempt of Congress proceedings against executive branch officials. After briefly describing the Miers litigation, it examines the development of legislative contempt against executive officials in Anglo-American law. It shows that the contempt power played a significant role in power struggles between the Crown and Parliament and between the Crown and colonial American legislatures, and that this role was continued into the early state legislatures. It then traces Congress's uses of the contempt power against executive branch officials, including two cases, which have generally been overlooked by both judicial and academic commentators, in which a house of Congress sent its sergeant-at-arms to arrest an executive branch officer.
The Article then uses that history to consider how cases of executive branch contempt of Congress should be dealt with today. It notes the variety of political tools that Anglo-American legislatures have used to enforce their contempt findings, as well as the fact that they did not turn to the courts to resolve such disputes until the late-twentieth century. It then argues that the resolution of such disputes by the courts does significant harm to the American body politic. It therefore concludes both that Congress erred in seeking judicial resolution of this dispute and that the courts erred in finding it justiciable.
Recommended.
