Geoffrey S. Corn (Texas Tech University School of Law) has posted Beyond Human Shielding: Civilian Risk Exploitation and Indirect Civilian Targeting on SSRN. Here is the abstract:
In response to the tendency of some organized armed groups to exploit civilians for tactical or strategic advantage, States should seek to leverage all possible mechanisms to discredit this practice and, where feasible, to impose criminal responsibility on those who employ it. Utilizing the innocent instrumentality doctrine may contribute to criminal accountability for the infliction of harm to civilians.