Legal Theory Blog

Legal Theory Bookworm: "Advanced Introduction to Political Jurisprudence" by Loughlin

The Legal Theory Bookworm recommends Advanced Introduction to Political Jurisprudence by Martin Loughlin. Here is a description:

Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world’s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas.

In this Advanced Introduction, Martin Loughlin provides a concise analysis of political jurisprudence, a powerful but relatively neglected school of thought that offers a compelling account of the relationship between law and politics in the modern world. After presenting a historical sketch of its evolution in European thought, he outlines the basic conceptual framework of the subject and argues that, notwithstanding current strains, political jurisprudence continues to yield acute insights into the politico-legal challenges of our times.

Key features:

Identifies the critical themes raised at the intersection of law and politics
Examines the pivotal significance of such basic concepts as authority, state, sovereignty, constitution, freedom and legality
Shows that the works of such major figures as Machiavelli, Bodin, Hobbes, Rousseau, Hegel, Marx, Weber and Schmitt are to be read as exemplary texts of political jurisprudence

The Advanced Introduction to Political Jurisprudence is an essential text for scholars and students of law and politics, legal theory, and constitutional law and a critical resource for anyone interested in public affairs.

Legal Theory Bookworm: "Pluralizing Political Philosophy," edited by Robeyns

The Legal Theory Bookworm recommends Pluralizing Political Philosophy: Economic and Ecological Inequalities in Global Perspective, edited by Ingrid Robeyns. Here is a description:

Pluralizing Political Philosophy focuses on economic and ecological inequalities. By reducing the current marginalization of a range of traditions and approaches outside liberalism, which especially takes place at universities in the Global North, political philosophy will have access to a richer range of theories. This marginalization happens to some extent to traditions that could be understood as providing an 'internal critique' to liberalism, but happens especially to various non-western political philosophies.

The chapters in this edited volume illustrate the wide range of perspectives that exist to analyze economic and ecological inequalities. In addition to critical discussions of liberal egalitarianism and green liberalism, contributing authors also offer discussions of M?ori philosophy, ecofeminism, Confucian political philosophy, an ethics of care, Ubuntu philosophy, Buen Vivir, and hybrid approaches. The different traditions and approaches not only differ in their normative commitments but also in their ontological assumptions and methodological underpinnings. The volume closes with four shorter chapters that provide meta-theoretical reflections on the volume, and make suggestions on how to further pluralise political philosophy.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International] licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

Legal Theory Bookworm: "Algorithmic Harm" by Bar-Gill & Sunstein

The Legal Theory Bookworm recommends Algorithmic Harm: Protecting People in the Age of Artificial Intelligence by Oren Bar-Gill & Cass R. Sunstein. Here is a description:

Will algorithms help people or hurt them? What about artificial intelligence in general? If consumers know what they need to know and do not suffer from behavioral biases, algorithms and AI are likely to be helpful. Consumers will be more likely to get what they want and need. But if consumers lack information, algorithms in particular will be able to convince them to make harmful or foolish choices. And if consumers suffer from behavioral biases, such as unrealistic optimism or a focus on the short term, algorithms will be able to produce serious harms.

In Algorithmic Harm: Protecting People in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, Oren Bar-Gill and Cass Sunstein consider the harms and benefits of AI and algorithms and catalog the different ways in which algorithms are being or may be used in consumer and other markets. The authors identify the market conditions under which these uses injure consumers and consider policy and regulatory responses that could reduce the risks consumers, investors, workers, and voters face now―and in the future. Democracy and self-government are at risk; there is a great deal that can be done to reduce that risk.

Legal Theory Bookworm: "Judicial Character in Hard Times," edited by Widłak

The Legal Theory Bookworm recommends Judicial Character in Hard Times: On the Role of Judicial Virtues in Defending the Rule of Law, edited by Tomasz Widłak. Here is a description from a review:

‘Hard times is a scalar description that can cover a wide range of states of affairs, from the erosion of “rule of law” legal and institutional settings to new challenges for the judiciary, such as the supranational practice of judging or political and social polarisation. This book offers detailed and insightful analysis of specific judicial virtues (judicial courage, lawfulness, empathy, independence, deliberative skills, fidelity), useful to face many of those risky situations. The exploration of these and other virtues is pioneering, accurate and well contextualized and proves how judicial virtues are important resources for the practice of law.’– Isabel Trujillo, University of Palermo, Italy

I have an essay in this very important collection.

 

Legal Theory Bookworm: "Robot Law," edited by Calo, Froomkin, & Thomasen

The Legal Theory Bookworm recommends Robot Law: Volume II, edited by Ryan Calo, A. M. Froomkin, & Kristen Thomasen. Here is the abstract:

Volume II discusses the societal and economic transformations introduced by robotics. Editors Ryan Calo, A. Michael Froomkin and Kristen Thomasen, alongside their contributing authors, explore the legal, ethical, and societal challenges that robotics and automated systems pose, investigating the intersection of law and policy in this area.

Multidisciplinary authors provide a field-defining examination of years of transformative law and robotics scholarship. Presenting insightful perspectives on the societal risks and opportunities of robotics and artificial intelligence, authors focus on the legal and policy questions that robots present as well as their disruption of existing legal regimes. The book also offers a range of legal, policy, and ethical interventions to help channel robotics and AI in the public interest. Furthermore the book opens an important dialogue, underscoring the need to confront and mitigate the potential communicative or expressive harm that could be caused by this technology.

This book is an essential resource for law professors, students, practitioners, and jurists as well as engineering and AI students, academics, and researchers of robotics. Policymakers will find the interventions posed in this book valuable for developing strategies to address the impacts of robotics and AI.

And from the reviews:

‘This timely and essential collection invites us to reflect on the urgent question of how we govern automated technologies. Through critical and thought-provoking perspectives, it skillfully explores the connections between the robots we create and the values that define us, offering a deeply human and profoundly important lens on our technological future.’ -- Teresa Scassa, University of Ottawa, Canada

‘Robot Law: Volume II assembles cutting-edge scholarship from leading experts, many of whom are regular contributors to the prestigious We Robot Conferences. This timely volume offers incisive analysis of pressing legal and ethical challenges posed by AI and robots; from autonomous machines to algorithmic-generated issues. This is an indispensable resource for interested scholars, policymakers, and anyone grappling with the societal impacts of emerging technologies.’ -- Fumio Shimpo, Keio University, Japan

Legal Theory Bookworm: "Secrets of the Killing State" by Lain

The Legal Theory Bookworm recommends Secrets of the Killing State: The Untold Story of Lethal Injection by Corinna Barrett Lain. Here is a description:

Lethal injection is nothing like what people think. This is its untold story.

In the popular imagination, lethal injection is a slight pinch and a swift nodding off to forever-sleep. It is performed by well-qualified medical professionals. It is regulated and carefully conducted. And it usually provides a “humane” death. In reality, however, not one of those things is true.

Secrets of the Killing State pulls back the curtain on this clandestine punishment practice, presenting a view of lethal injection that states have worked hard to hide. Botched executions are a part of this story, but they are just the tip of the iceberg. For all the suffering that we see, there is also suffering that we don’t see. Indeed, the story told here is even bigger than the executions themselves, for behind the scenes is where it unfolds. Fake science, torturous drugs, inept executioners, prison problems, and decades of state secrecy have created an execution method hard-wired to go wrong in countless ways.

The story of lethal injection is a story of gross incompetence, law breaking, torturous deaths, and a stunning indifference to the way in which human beings die at the hands of the state. These are the secrets of the killing state―all that we know from litigation files, scientific studies, investigative journalism, autopsy reports, interviews, and scholarship across a number of fields. Death penalty expert Corinna Barrett Lain uses this groundbreaking journey into the dark reality of lethal injection to shine a light on the American death penalty more broadly and show that the state at its most powerful moment is also the state at its worst.

We are now over 45 years into the lethal injection era, and most Americans still have no idea what states are doing in their name. It’s time they found out.

And from the reviews:

"A compelling, thoroughly researched, brilliantly written investigation of how the federal government and many state governments have used their vast power and resources to needlessly kill imprisoned people whose lives may depend on the moral outrage of a nation that dares to look more closely at lethal injection and the death penalty. Disturbing, devastating and an urgent must read." -- Bryan Stevenson, Founder and Executive Director of the Equal Justice Initiative

"This meticulously researched and brilliant exposé of the gruesome failure of lethal injection as a humane mode of execution teaches a broader and more basic lesson. The ostensible quest for a painless way to implement capital punishment is in reality a doomed search for a placebo to stifle government officials’ and the public’s qualms of conscience that might otherwise rebel at killing helpless prisoners. Lain has written an indictment of the death penalty that will stand on history’s bookshelf right up there with the enduring works of Koestler and Camus." -- Anthony G. Amsterdam, New York University

"This is the book I have been waiting for―the book that lays bare for all to see the atrocities of what states are doing in our name. Secrets of the Killing State is an incredibly important book that will change hearts and minds. People think lethal injection is humane. This book proves beyond any doubt that it is not, and convincingly shows that the state should not be trusted with the awesome power over life and death. That belongs to God alone." -- Sister Helen Prejean, author of Dead Man Walking

"Lain is the nation's preeminent expert on lethal injection as a mode of execution. Her encyclopedic and horrifying account of lethal injection's secret history and tortuous effects should be hard to read, but it is actually hard to put down. Lain's indignation and disbelief at the depths of official misfeasance and indifference to human suffering leap from the pages. This is a must read for anyone who seeks to understand the administration of the American death penalty." -- Carol S. Steiker, co-author of Courting Death: The Supreme Court and Capital Punishment

"Secrets of the Killing State is in the great tradition of The Jungle―unmasking utter systemic incompetence, mendacity, secrecy, and indifference to cruelty by those with the power to do right. A must-read to know what the state is doing in our name." -- Michael Meltsner, Northeastern University

"If there ever was a genuine search for a “humane execution”, it has come to an ignominious end. In Secrets of the Killing State Professor Corinna Lain’s meticulous examination of the history, secrecy, guesswork, bluster, pseudo-science, pretense and deceit that contaminate the decades-long effort to promote “lethal injection” as humane exposes the entire ghastly killing process for the damnable, torturous villainy that it is. This is not a simple case of the blind leading the blind; this is intentionality steering incompetence. It is brute, murderous stupidity masquerading as justice." -- Mike Farrell, President of Death Penalty Focus

"Pulling back the rug shrouding lethal injection’s dirty secrets, Corinna Barrett Lain, a preeminent legal scholar, offers a compelling and accessible account of this country’s purportedly “humane” method of execution and the disturbing lengths officials undertake to preserve it. This book is a must-read for anyone concerned about the death penalty’s future and purpose." -- Deborah M. Denno, author of Biology and Violence: From Birth to Adulthood

"This brilliant and important book will be nothing short of a death penalty classic. Lain has used the story of lethal injection to tell a larger story about the contemporary death penalty. This will be one of the best books written about the death penalty in a very long time. In truth, I couldn't put it down." -- Austin Sarat, author of Lethal Injection and the False Promise of Human Execution

"A scathing attack. Like the unsafe meat-packing practices exposed in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, this book attempts to show that practices of administering the death penalty are cruel, arbitrary, and harmful to the public." ― Library Journal

"The new book pulls back the curtain on the clinical facade and reveals all the places the lethal injection process goes wrong, from the laws to the drugs to the pushing of the plunger on the syringe. It shows how tough-to-implement protocols have backed state corrections departments into a corner, creating a poorly choreographed horror show masquerading as a medical procedure." ― Texas Observer

"In Secrets of the Killing State, Lain dismantles the long-held belief that lethal injection is a clean, scientific process. Instead, she exposes a system shrouded in secrecy and plagued by mistakes." -- KOSU-FM (NPR Oklahoma)

"Lain’s clear, detailed, and utterly convincing argument is that lethal injection has been a fraud from the very beginning." ― The Arts Fuse

Legal Theory Bookworm: "You Can't Kill a Man Because of the Books He Reads" by Snyder

The Legal Theory Bookworm recommends You Can't Kill a Man Because of the Books He Reads: Angelo Herndon's Fight for Free Speech by Brad Snyder. Here is a description:

The story of a young, Black Communist Party organizer wrongly convicted of attempting to incite insurrection and the landmark case that made him a civil rights hero.

Decades before the impeachment of an American president for a similar offense, Angelo Herndon was charged under Georgia law with “attempting to incite insurrection”―a crime punishable by death. In 1932, the eighteen-year-old Black Communist Party organizer was arrested and had his room illegally searched and his radical literature seized. Charged under an old slave insurrection statute, Herndon was convicted by an all-white jury and sentenced to eighteen to twenty years on a chain gang. You Can’t Kill a Man Because of the Books He Reads chronicles Herndon’s five-year quest for freedom during a time when Blacks, white liberals, and the radical left joined forces to define the nation’s commitment to civil rights and civil liberties.

Herndon’s champions included the young, Black Harvard Law School–educated attorney Benjamin J. Davis Jr.; the future historian C. Vann Woodward, who joined the interracial Herndon defense committee; the white-shoe New York lawyer Whitney North Seymour, who argued Herndon’s appeals; and literary friends Ralph Ellison, Langston Hughes, and Richard Wright. With their support, Herndon won his freedom and reinvented himself as a Harlem literary star until a dramatic fall from grace.

A legal odyssey of Herndon’s narrow escape from certain death because of his unpopular political beliefs, You Can’t Kill a Man Because of the Books He Reads explores Herndon’s journey from Alabama coal miner to Communist Party organizer to Harlem hero and beyond. Brad Snyder tells the stories of the diverse coalition of people who rallied to his cause and who twice appealed his case to the U.S. Supreme Court. They forced the Court to recognize free speech and peaceable assembly as essential rights in a democracy―a landmark decision in 1930s America as well as today.

And from the reviews:

"An inspiring portrait… at the heart of a landmark First Amendment case."― Kirkus Reviews, starred review

"Rewarding and kaleidoscopic… [Snyder] vividly recreates the life of labor organizer Angelo Herndon."― Publishers Weekly

"Angelo Herndon had been a Communist Party organizer for barely two years when the Atlanta police arrested him for attempting to incite an insurrection. In his careful, compelling new book, Brad Snyder recreates the extraordinary struggle to save Herndon from life on a Jim Crow chain gang for daring to promote ideas the authorities didn’t want to hear. A story of fundamental principles and unlikely heroes, expertly told."― Kevin Boyle, author of Arc of Justice: A Saga of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age

"Some works of history are top-down. Some bottom-up. You Can’t Kill a Man Because of the Books He Reads is both. Brad Snyder moves gracefully from the streets of 1930s Atlanta, where Angelo Herndon, a young Black radical, was charged with insurrection, all the way to the chambers of the U.S. Supreme Court. This is a hard and hopeful story. Snyder tells it with energy, economy, wide-ranging empathy, and quiet passion."― James Goodman, author of Stories of Scottsboro

"A gripping story of how democracy triumphed under the most challenging circumstances. A timely book and a great read."― Patricia Sullivan, author of Justice Rising: Robert Kennedy’s America in Black and White

Legal Theory Bookworm: "Words in Action" by Maitra & McGowan

The Legal Theory Bookworm recommends Words in Action: An Introduction to the Social Philosophy of Language by Ishani Maitra & Mary Kate McGowan. Here is a description:

Social philosophy of language considers the role language plays in reflecting and enforcing social relations. This fast-growing field combines philosophy of language with ethics, epistemology, and feminist, social, and political philosophy to ask crucial questions about the importance of language in the social world.

Words in Action offers an authoritative and accessible introduction to the social philosophy of language, for students at undergraduate and graduate levels. Authors Ishani Maitra and Mary Kate McGowan show how tools from the philosophy of language can help illuminate both how language works socially and how we can challenge the injustices wrought by the use of language. They examine topics like lying and deception, telling and testimony, silencing, jokes, slurs, linguistic manipulation, linguistic oppression, consent, promises, threats, gendered language, and much more. To fruitfully address these topics, the book introduces important tools and concepts from the philosophy of language that are relevant to theorizing these issues, including saying, assertion, conversational and conventional implicature, taxonomies of speech acts, indirect speech acts, common ground, conversational score, semantic and pragmatic presupposition, at-issue and not-at-issue content, and much more.

This introduction to the field provides an important set of tools for legal theorists.

Legal Theory Bookworm: "The Political Theory of Liberal Socialism" by McManus

The Legal Theory Bookworm recommends The Political Theory of Liberal Socialism by Matthew McManus. Here is a description:

McManus presents a comprehensive guide to the liberal socialist tradition, stretching from Mary Wollstonecraft and Thomas Paine through John Stuart Mill to Irving Howe, John Rawls, and Charles Mills.

Providing a comprehensive critical genealogy of liberal socialism from a sympathetic but critical standpoint, McManus traces its core to the Revolutionary period that catalyzed major divisions in liberal political theory to the French Revolution that saw the emergence of writers like Mary Wollstonecraft and Thomas Paine who argued that liberal principles could only be inadequately instantiated in a society with high levels of material and social inequality to John Stuart Mill, the first major thinker who declared himself a liberal and a socialist and who made major contributions to both traditions through his efforts to synthesize and conciliate them. McManus argues for liberal socialism as a political theory which could truly secure equality and liberty for all.

And from the reviews:

Matt McManus has been an intellectual leader in the revival of liberal socialism, and in this absorbing survey, he shows how strong a basis there is for that position in the past, without disguising how much work it will take to redeem and reinvent it for our future. Indispensable and magisterial.--Samuel Moyn, Author of Liberalism against Itself: Cold War Intellectuals and the Making of Our Times

Liberal socialism? That’s an oxymoron! Absolutely not, says Matt McManus in his brilliant new book. His inspiring and positive vision is exactly what we liberals need to get our mojo back.--Alexandre Lefebvre, Professor of Politics and Philosophy, The University of Sydney, Australia

Matt McManus is a penetrating thinker who recognizes that many of the things our culture war insists are “opposites” are, in fact, nothing of the kind. In an era in which millions have dubbed both liberalism and socialism dead, The Political Theory of Liberal Socialism, offers a retrieval of both traditions. Ranging over canonical liberal and socialist thinkers with ease―from Thomas Paine and John Rawls to Karl Marx and many others―McManus shows how in order to return from their current crises of credibility each ideological tradition must learn from the other. The entire book is an effort at fusing horizons and opening ideological possibilities that have been forgotten. Where the political imagination in North Atlantic societies has grown brittle, narrow, and simplistic, McManus seeks to break it wide open once more.--Jason Blakely, Author of Lost in Ideology and We Built Reality

The Political Theory of Liberal Socialism traces the intellectual roots of a distinct political theory, highlighting its advantages for modern liberals as an ideology for the future (as well as the challenges it may face in theory and in practice). Matt McManus provides a fascinating survey, retrieving the history of this often-overlooked philosophical stance, establishing it as a genuine position (though diverse and sometimes disparate), and critically exploring its positives and possibilities. A must-read for all left-leaning liberals and/or socialists committed to individual flourishing who are looking for an intellectual tradition, providing a stimulating resource for recasting contemporary debates and forming radical policy proposals for the future.--Helen McCabe, Associate Professor in Political Theory, University of Nottingham, UK

So many important works of political theory feel so distant from our moment, but this essential text from Matthew McManus is a welcomed exception. American leftism needs its footing in the scrambled ideological landscape of the 21st century and McManus offers an intellectual bridge between two traditions that are often set in opposition to each other. A must-read for anyone concerned with building a just and compassionate world in the ashes of neoliberalism.--Sean Illing, Host of The Gray Area

In mining a rich and often underappreciated vein of political theory, this book offers a critical and engaging survey of the various ways an important progressive philosophical tradition has sought to reconcile abiding questions of class, community, freedom, and democracy. Part intellectual history, part exercise in retrieval, it will be of interest to anyone keen to explore the points of contact ― both potential and established ― between a humanistic liberalism and an egalitarian socialism.--Luke Savage, Author of The Dead Center and Columnist at Jacobin Magazine

Liberalism and socialism are often held to be in opposition. And yet, as Matt McManus shows in this timely and important book, there is a rich line of thinkers who have sought to - and succeeded in - reconciling these two traditions. In bringing the best of these ideas together for the first time, he has not only done a great service to intellectual history, but assembled a powerful resource for developing the truly emancipatory politics that we so urgently need.--Daniel Chandler, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK

The goal of socialists should be to hold a mirror up to liberals and say that they cannot achieve their goals unless they’re willing to extend liberal principles about equality and freedom from domination to the economy.--Matt McManus, Interview with Jacobin Magazine by Igor Shoikhedbrod

Matthew McManus’s new book, The Political Theory of Liberal Socialism, makes it easier to imagine a more unified left. Using his substantial knowledge of political philosophy, along with his considerable gifts as a narrator of the history of political thought, McManus sets out to “retrieve” a tradition whose “key ethical commitments [have] become occluded, calcified, or perverted into ideology over time.” The hope is that by looking to a past when “liberal socialism” didn’t seem like an oxymoron, we might begin to see our way to a future in which the tradition flourishes once again.--Paul Schofield, Bates College, USA

Legal Theory Bookworm: "Judicial Bricolage," edited by Groppi, Ponthoreau, & Spigno

The Legal Theory Bookworm recommends Judicial Bricolage: The Use of Foreign Precedents by Constitutional Judges in the 21st Century, edited by Tania, Marie-Claire Ponthoreau, Irene Spigno. Here is a description:

This book represents a unique contribution to comparative legal studies by presenting the results of an empirical research project on the use of foreign precedents in constitutional interpretation in 31 jurisdictions worldwide.

It expands and updates the outcomes presented in the previous successful book The Use of Foreign Precedents by Constitutional Judges, edited by Tania Groppi and Marie-Claire Ponthoreau and published in 2013 as Volume 1 of the series Hart Studies in Comparative Public Law.

This new research, covering countries from all the continents, with special attention to some of the emerging jurisdictions of the Global South, confirms that the practice of making explicit use of foreign precedents is still limited both quantitatively and qualitatively. Judicial dialogue only exists in common law jurisdictions and, even there, 'judicial bricolage' is much more common than 'judicial comparativism'. Since the previous edition, this practice has gone hand in hand with new developments in constitutional law, such as the democratic erosion and backsliding, the emergence of populist movements, the increasing role of regional human rights courts, which in many cases overshadowed foreign sources, and the end of a global vision of constitutionalism.

Applying a quantitative and a qualitative analysis, with the support of tables and data, the book gives a more complete picture of the practice of citing foreign precedents in this new and challenging era, resulting in essential reading for comparative and constitutional legal scholars.

And here is the table of contents:

Introduction: Assessing the Use of Foreign Precedents by Constitutional Justices: Ten Years Later
Tania Groppi (University of Siena, Italy), Marie-Claire Ponthoreau (University of Bordeaux, France) and Irene Spigno (Autonomous University of Coahuila, Mexico)

Part I: The 'Usual Suspects': Engagement with Foreign Precedents in Common Law Courts
1. An Ongoing Engagement: The Australian High Court and Foreign Case Law
Elisa Arcioni (University of Sydney Law School, Australia) and Jeffrey Gordon (University of Sydney, Australia)

2. Turbulent Resistance in the Supreme Court of Canada: An Unexpected Backlash Against the Use of Foreign Precedents in Constitutional Interpretation
Lise Brun (University Laval, Canada)

3. India: Using Foreign Precedents to Understand Her Own Constitutional Identity
Antonin Vergnes (University of Bordeaux, France)

4. The Use of Foreign Precedents in the Irish Supreme Court's Constitutional Case Law: An Update
Cristina Fasone (LUISS University, Italy)

5. The Use of Comparative Law as a Source of Legitimacy for the New Kenyan Judiciary: The Case of the Supreme Court of Kenya
Evelyne Asaala (University of Nairobi, Kenya) and Nicoletta Perlo (University of Burgandy, France)

6. The Use of Foreign Precedents in Malaysian Federal Court: Between Engagement and Restraint
Faridah Jalil (University Kebangsaan Malaysia)

7. The Use of Foreign Constitutional Precedents in Singapore: The Paramountcy of Local Context
Maartje de Visser (Singapore Management University)

8. The Use of Foreign Precedents by the South African Constitutional Court Judges: Has Anything Changed?
Christa Rautenbach (North-West University, South Africa)

Part II: In Between: Limited and Selective Reference to Foreign Precedents Worldwide
A. Rehearsal of Engagement: Recent Developments in Some Reticent Courts

9. Using Foreign Precedents to Meet the European Standards: The Case of the Constitutional Court of Albania
Aurela Anastasi (University of Tirana, Albania)

10. Keep Calm and Carry on Comparing (More) Professionally: The Use of Foreign Precedent by the German Federal Constitutional Court in the 2010s
Stefan Martini (University of Kiel, Germany)

11. The Use of Foreign Precedents in a Hybrid Legal Order: The Case of Liechtenstein
Peter Bußjäger (University of Innsbruck, Austria)

12. Flirting with Foreign Precedents at the Constitutional Court of Slovenia
Tilen Štajnpihler Božic (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia) and Samo Bardutzki (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia)

13. The Escalating Use of Foreign Precedents by Individual Justices in Taiwan's Constitutional Court
Wen-Chen Chang (National Taiwan University) and Shao-Man Lee (National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan)

B. Lost in the Shuffle: The Use of Foreign Precedents in South American Courts
14. The Use of Foreign Precedents by the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court: Paving the Way for Democracy with a Broad Comparative Approach
Manuellita Hermes (University of Brazil)

15. Importing Legitimacy, Getting Adjudicative Leeway: The Use of Foreign Precedents by the Chilean Constitutional Tribunal
Cristián Villalonga (Pontifical Catholic University of Chile) and Johanna Fröhlich (Pontifi cal Catholic University of Chile)

16. The Limited but Significant Use of Foreign Precedents by the Colombian Constitutional Court
Magdalena Correa Henao (Externado University, Colombia) and Iván Otero Suárez (Externado University, Colombia)

17. Fixing a Troubled Relationship: The Use of Foreign Precedents in the Constitutional Court of Ecuador
Daniela Salazar Marín (Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador) and Roberto Eguiguren Calisto (Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador)

C. From Reticent to Selective: The Vast Group of Strategists Courts
18. The Use of Foreign Precedents in Austria: Continuing the Use of Non-Use
Anna Gamper (University of Innsbruck, Austria)

19. The Use of Foreign Precedents by the Constitutional Court of Georgia: Explicit Citations and Careful Restraint
Malkhaz Nakashidze (Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Georgia)

20. Constant Inconsistency: The Use of Foreign Precedents in Hungarian Constitutional Jurisprudence
Zoltán Szente (Legal Studies of the Centre for Social Sciences in Budapest, Hungary) and Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz (Social Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences)

21. The Use of Foreign Precedents by the Italian Constitutional Court: Something New under the Sun?
Anna Maria Lecis Cocco Ortu (Political Studies Institute Sciences Po Bordeaux, France)

22. Still Residual Mention of Foreign Precedents by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal: No Need or Intention?
Anna Michalak (University of Lodz, Poland)

23. The Sparse and Strategic Use of Foreign Precedents by the Constitutional Court of Romania
Ramona-Delia Popescu (University of Bucharest, Romania) and Elena Simina Tanasescu (University of Bucharest, Romania)

24. The Constitutional Court of Korea: Institutionalised Focus on Three Foreign Jurisdictions
Soojin Kong (Constitutional Court of Korea) and Fabian Duessel (Constitutional Court of Korea)

25. Switzerland: A Migration of Constitutional Ideas? An Empirical Study of the Use of Foreign Precedents by the Swiss Federal Tribunal
Micol Ferrario (Bocconi University, Italy)

Part III: Reluctance: Nationalist Courts
26. Foreign Precedents in the Belgian Constitutional Court Case Law: Report on their Tacit Influence, or How to Play Hide and Seek
Anaïs Brucher (UCLouvain, Belgium) and Marc Verdussen (UCLouvain, Belgium)

27. The Use of Foreign Precedents by the French Conseil Constitutionnel: A Hidden and Marginal Influence
Alexis Le Quinio (University of Limoges, France)

28. The Use of Foreign Precedents by the Supreme Court of Japan: Awakening?
Akiko Ejima (Meiji University, Japan)

29. The One and Only Explicit Use of Foreign Precedents by the Russian Constitutional Court Since 2010
Sergei Belov (St Petersburg State University, Russia)

30. The Reluctant Court. An Analysis of the Use of Foreign Precedents by the Constitutional Court of Turkey
Valentina Rita Scotti (European Public Law Organization, Greece) and Oya Boyar (Marmara University, Turkey)

31. United States of America: Confirming the Supreme Court's Cautious Approach in the Use of Foreign Precedents
Rachele Bizzari (University of Pisa, Italy) and Angioletta Sperti (University of Pisa, Italy)

Conclusion: The Use of Foreign Precedents by Constitutional Judges: Still a Limited Practice in a Competitive Legal World
Tania Groppi (University of Siena, Italy), Marie-Claire Ponthoreau (University of Bordeaux, France) and Irene Spigno (Autonomous University of Coahuila, Mexico)